Cold, damp weather can leave your toes feeling more than just chilly. If they become red, swollen, itchy, burning or tender after being out in the cold, you may be experiencing chilblains.
These small, inflamed patches can make winter uncomfortable, especially if they keep coming back. Knowing what triggers chilblains, how to soothe them and how to protect your feet from further cold exposure can help you manage them through the winter months.
Here’s what to know about chilblains treatment in Ireland, from recognising the symptoms to caring for your feet and knowing when it’s time to speak to a pharmacist or GP.
What Causes Chilblains?
Chilblains, also called pernio or perniosis, develop when the small blood vessels in the skin react abnormally to cold and then warming. They are more commonly associated with cold, damp conditions rather than freezing temperatures.
Cold causes blood vessels near the skin to narrow. When the area warms up, the vessels may not return to normal quickly, causing inflammation. This can lead to the red or purple patches, swelling, itching and burning associated with chilblains.
The toes and fingers are particularly susceptible because they can become cold quickly. People who have experienced chilblains before may also be more likely to develop them again during periods of cold weather.
What Do Chilblains Look and Feel Like?
Chilblains usually appear within several hours of exposure to cold rather than straight away. They most often affect the toes and fingers and can cause noticeable changes in both the skin and how the area feels.
Common signs include:
-
Red or purple patches with swelling
-
Itching, burning or tingling
-
Swelling and tenderness
-
Increased sensitivity or discomfort
-
Blisters or broken skin in more severe cases
If a chilblain develops into a blister, see our guide to blister care for more advice on protecting the affected area.
The appearance of chilblains can vary depending on your skin tone, so don't rely on colour alone. Changes in swelling, texture and sensation can also be important signs.
How to Treat Chilblains at Home
Most chilblains settle within a few weeks with simple self-care. Treatment focuses on protecting the affected skin, easing irritation and avoiding further cold exposure while it heals.
Keep Affected Areas Warm and Dry
Protect your toes from further cold and damp exposure. Wear warm, dry socks and comfortable footwear that gives your toes enough room without putting pressure on the affected areas.
Warm Your Skin Gradually
If your feet are cold, let them warm up gradually in a comfortably warm environment rather than applying direct heat. Avoid putting chilblains directly against a radiator, heater or hot water bottle, or soaking them in very hot water.
Avoid Scratching or Picking
Chilblains can be itchy and uncomfortable, but scratching can damage the skin and increase the risk of infection. Avoid picking at blisters or broken skin and try not to irritate the affected area.
If the surrounding skin is dry, a moisturiser may help keep it comfortable.
Ask a Pharmacist About Symptom Relief
If itching, dryness or irritation is making the affected area uncomfortable, a pharmacist can advise whether a suitable cream, lotion or other footcare product may help.
If the skin is blistered, broken or showing signs of infection, speak to a pharmacist or GP rather than relying on self-care alone.
How to Prevent Chilblains During an Irish Winter
If you're prone to chilblains, a few simple changes to your winter routine can help reduce the chance of them returning.
Choose Warm, Dry Footwear
Wear warm socks and weather-appropriate footwear when temperatures drop. Choose shoes or boots that keep out rain and damp while leaving enough room for your toes to move comfortably.
Change Damp Socks and Footwear
Don't stay in wet socks or damp footwear for longer than necessary. Carrying a spare pair of socks can be useful on particularly wet or cold days.
Avoid Sudden Changes in Temperature
If you've been outside in the cold, allow your feet to warm up gradually once you're indoors rather than exposing them to intense heat.
Stay Active in Cold Weather
Regular movement can help you stay warm during colder months. If you've been sitting for a long time, getting up and moving around can help keep your hands and feet comfortable.
When Should You Speak to a GP About Chilblains?
Most chilblains improve within a few weeks. Speak to your GP if they are persistent, keep coming back or develop signs that suggest a complication.
You should seek medical advice if:
-
Your chilblains have not improved after 2 to 3 weeks
-
They keep returning
-
The affected skin becomes increasingly painful, swollen or damaged
-
You notice pus or other signs of infection
-
You develop a fever or feel generally unwell
-
You have diabetes
-
You're unsure whether the skin changes are actually chilblains
If you're unsure whether your symptoms are chilblains or another skin problem, a GP can assess the affected area and advise whether further treatment or investigation is needed.
Footcare Products to Help Protect Your Feet This Winter
The right footcare products can also support your winter footcare routine, particularly if your feet are prone to dryness or discomfort.
Explore Ballyduff Pharmacy's Footcare collection for everyday footcare essentials, or browse the Cold & Heat Therapy range for products designed to provide targeted warmth or cooling.
If you're unsure which product is suitable for your symptoms, speak to a pharmacist before using it on irritated, blistered or broken skin.
Keep Chilblains Under Control This Winter
Chilblains can be uncomfortable, but simple winter footcare can help you manage symptoms and reduce the chance of them returning. If symptoms persist, recur or become more severe, speak to your pharmacist or GP for advice.
If you're unsure how to care for your feet during colder weather, our pharmacy team can help you find suitable footcare options.