Diabetes can have a significant impact on foot health due to two main complications: poor circulation and nerve damage (diabetic neuropathy). These issues can lead to serious foot problems if not managed properly.
Here's a breakdown of the dangers of diabetes on foot health and how to care for your feet:
Dangers of Diabetes on Foot Health:
Nerve Damage (Diabetic Neuropathy):
Loss of feeling in feet: High blood sugar levels over time can damage the nerves in your feet, leading to a loss of sensation. This means you might not feel cuts, blisters, or other injuries, which can lead to infections if left untreated.
Increased risk of injury: Without the ability to feel pain, you might unknowingly harm your feet, like stepping on something sharp or developing a blister, which could lead to a more severe infection.
Foot deformities: Nerve damage can also affect the muscles and joints in your feet, potentially causing deformities such as hammertoes or Charcot foot (a condition where bones in the foot weaken and break).
Poor Circulation (Peripheral Arterial Disease or PAD):
Reduced blood flow: Diabetes can cause narrowing of the blood vessels, reducing circulation, especially in the feet. This makes it harder for wounds to heal and increases the risk of infection.
Increased risk of infection: Poor circulation means that if an injury or infection occurs, it will be harder for the body to fight off the infection and heal the affected area, which can lead to more severe complications.
Infections:
Slow healing: Even a small cut or sore can become a serious problem due to reduced circulation and nerve damage. Infections can spread quickly, and if not treated, they could lead to more serious outcomes, including the need for amputation.
Fungal infections: People with diabetes are also at a higher risk of fungal infections, like athlete’s foot, due to moisture and poor circulation.
Foot Care Tips for People with Diabetes:
Inspect Your Feet Daily:
Check your feet every day for cuts, blisters, redness, swelling, or any changes in the skin. Pay close attention to areas between your toes, where injuries might go unnoticed.
Use a mirror if necessary to inspect the soles of your feet.
Keep Feet Clean and Dry:
Wash your feet daily with warm (not hot) water and mild soap. Pat them dry gently, especially between the toes, to prevent fungal infections.
Moisturize your feet, but avoid putting lotion between your toes, as this can encourage fungal growth.
Wear Proper Footwear:
Choose shoes that fit properly and provide good support. Avoid shoes that pinch or rub, as these can cause blisters and ulcers. Consider shoes with soft seams and ample cushioning.
If you have deformities, you may need custom-made shoes or insoles to avoid pressure points that could lead to sores.
Trim Toenails Carefully:
Trim your toenails straight across to avoid ingrown nails. If you're unable to trim your nails or if you have thickened nails, ask a healthcare professional to do so.
Avoid Walking Barefoot:
Even if you’re inside, walking barefoot increases the risk of stepping on sharp objects or developing foot injuries. Wear shoes or slippers indoors, especially if you have poor sensation in your feet.
Manage Blood Sugar Levels:
Keeping your blood sugar under control is crucial for preventing complications, including foot problems. Work with your healthcare provider to develop a diabetes management plan that includes diet, exercise, and medications to maintain healthy blood sugar levels.
Keep Feet Warm:
Avoid exposing your feet to extreme temperatures. Both hot and cold temperatures can damage nerves and skin, so wear warm socks in the winter and avoid direct heat like hot water bottles or heating pads.
Consult a Podiatrist Regularly:
If you have diabetes, it's a good idea to see a podiatrist at least once a year for a comprehensive foot exam. They can catch any early signs of foot problems and help with prevention strategies.
Don’t Ignore Foot Problems:
If you notice any changes or problems with your feet, like sores, blisters, or redness, don’t wait. Get them checked out by a healthcare professional as soon as possible to prevent further complications.
By paying close attention to your foot health and following these tips, you can reduce the risks that diabetes poses to your feet and help maintain good circulation, reduce infections, and prevent nerve damage.
Mairead Smiddy Healy holds a chiropody clinic at Ballyduff Pharmacy on the first Wednesday of every month. Phone us for an appointment on 066 71 31111 to have your feet checked.